Chao

Chao

The chao calculator returns the Chao1 richness estimate for an OTU definition. This calculator can be used in the summary.single, collect.single, and rarefaction.single commands. The calculations for the bias-corrected Chao1 richness estimator are implemented as described by Chao in the user manual for her program spade and modified by Colwell in his program estimates.

Schao1=Sobs+n1(n1−1)2(n2+1)" role="presentation">Schao1=Sobs+n1(n1−1)2(n2+1)

where,

Schao1" role="presentation">Schao1 = the estimated richness

Sobs" role="presentation">Sobs = the observed number of species

n1" role="presentation">n1 = the number of OTUs with only one sequence (i.e. “singletons”)

n2" role="presentation">n2 = the number of OTUs with only two sequences (i.e. “doubletons”)

To calculate the 95% confidence intervals we assume a lognormal distribution of the variance:

var(Schao1)=n1(n1−1)2(n2+1)+n1(2n1−1)24(n2+1)2+n12n2(n1−1)24(n2+1)4" role="presentation">var(Schao1)=n1(n1−1)2(n2+1)+n1(2n1−1)24(n2+1)2+n12n2(n1−1)24(n2+1)4, when n1>0 and n2>0

var(Schao1)=n1(n1−1)2+n1(2n1−1)24−n144Schao1" role="presentation">var(Schao1)=n1(n1−1)2+n1(2n1−1)24−n144Schao1, when n1>0 and n2=0

var(Schao1)=Sobse(−N/Sobs)(1−e(−N/Sobs))" role="presentation">var(Schao1)=Sobse(−N/Sobs)(1−e(−N/Sobs)), when n1=0 and n2>=0

If n1>0, then:

C=exp(1.96ln⁡(1+var(Schao1)(Schao1−Sobs)2))" role="presentation">C=exp(1.96ln⁡(1+var(Schao1)(Schao1−Sobs)2)) LCI95%=Sobs+Schao1−SobsC" role="presentation">LCI95%=Sobs+Schao1−SobsC UCI95%=Sobs+C(Schao1−Sobs)" role="presentation">UCI95%=Sobs+C(Schao1−Sobs)

Otherwise:

P=e(−N/Sobs)" role="presentation">P=e(−N/Sobs) LCI95%=max(Sobs,Sobs1−P−1.96(SobsP1−P)12)" role="presentation">LCI95%=max(Sobs,Sobs1−P−1.96(SobsP1−P)12) UCI95%=Sobs1−P+1.96(SobsP1−P)12" role="presentation">UCI95%=Sobs1−P+1.96(SobsP1−P)12

where,

LCI = Lower bound of confidence interval

UCI = Upper bound of confidence interval

Open the file 98_lt_phylip_amazon.fn.sabund generated using the Amazonian dataset with the following commands:

mothur > cluster(phylip=98_lt_phylip_amazon.dist, cutoff=0.10)

The 98_lt_phylip_amazon.fn.sabund file is also outputted to the terminal window when the cluster() command is executed:

unique 2   94  2    0.00   2   92  3    0.01   2   88  5    0.02   4   84  2   2   1    0.03   4   75  6   1   2    0.04   4   69  9   1   2    0.05   4   55  13  3   2    0.06   4   48  14  2   4    0.07   4   44  16  2   4    0.08   7   35  17  3   2   1   0   1    0.09   7   35  14  3   3   0   0   2    0.10   7   34  13  3   2   0   0   3   

The first column is the label for the OTU definition and the second column is an integer indicating the number of sequences in the dominant OTU. The Chao1 estimator is then calculated using the values found in the third (the number of singletons)and fourth (the number of doubletons) columns. For example, chao for an OTU definition of 0.10 would be calculated as:

Schao1=55+34(33)2(14)=95.07" role="presentation">Schao1=55+34(33)2(14)=95.07 var(Schao1)=34(33)22(14)+34(2(34)−1)24(14)2+342(13)(33)24(14)4=341.2494" role="presentation">var(Schao1)=34(33)22(14)+34(2(34)−1)24(14)2+342(13)(33)24(14)4=341.2494 C=exp(1.96ln⁡(1+341.2494(95.07−55)2))=2.3641655" role="presentation">C=exp(1.96ln⁡(1+341.2494(95.07−55)2))=2.3641655 LCI95%=55+95.07−552.3641655=71.9" role="presentation">LCI95%=55+95.07−552.3641655=71.9 UCI95%=55+2.3641655(95.07−55)=149.7" role="presentation">UCI95%=55+2.3641655(95.07−55)=149.7

Running...

mothur > summary.single(calc=chao)

...and opening 98_lt_phylip_amazon.fn.summary gives:

label  Chao        Chao_lci    Chao_hci unique 1553.000000 658.490667  3870.016393 0.00   1141.500000 522.185603  2658.668444 0.01   731.000000  376.708692  1527.725165 0.02   1251.000000 533.812860  3124.532743 0.03   480.428571  262.946610  962.226261 0.04   315.600000  192.960027  572.578658 0.05   179.071429  123.996099  293.627620 0.06   143.200000  103.292208  228.234805 0.07   121.647059  91.793695   186.052404 0.08   92.055556   73.303947   135.389388 0.09   96.666667   74.012067   149.489903 0.10   95.071429   71.949979   149.732827 <---

These are the same values that we found above for a cutoff of 0.10.

网址：Chao https://mxgxt.com/news/view/1704134

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