附带星历参数的星载合成孔径雷达影像自动配准算法

摘要

Fourier-Mellin不变性对称相位匹配滤波器,即symmetric phase-only matched filtering of fourier-mellininvariant（SPOMF-FMI）能解决影像配准的平移、旋转和放缩几何变换问题;然而,该方法在实际应用中具有局限性,包括图像几何尺度和图像非线性几何畸变处理能力。为了克服上述缺陷,提出了一种附带星载参数的星载合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）影像自动配准算法。该方法采用由粗到精匹配策略,由距离-多普勒影像粗匹配和改进SPOMF-FMI影像精匹配组成。使用Radarsat-1和ENVISATASAR影像做实验,结果表明本方法在处理重复轨道或相同升、降轨星载SAR影像（即确保相似影像纹理测度）配准问题时,能达到子像素级的配准精度。

Abstract

Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR） sensors have important properties on the operational level,since they are capable of acquiring data in all weather conditions,and are not affected by cloud cover or different sunlight conditions.Their advantages have aided the development of SAR techniques.In recent years,SAR systems have acquired data that are used for various tasks,such as imagery fusion,temporal change detection and SAR interferometry（InSAR）.The basis of all these tasks is accurate imagery registration,though the registration accuracy may vary from one task to the other.In addition,the use of an automatic registration procedure is important due to the increasing volumes of SAR data and their use in a wide range of applications.Referring to the problem of automatic SAR imagery registration,researchers of SAR community have developed and applied various imagery-intensity-based and feature-based algorithms.However,their methods have deficiencies.This paper addresses the problem of automatic registration of spaceborne SAR images.The spectral phase of an imagery given by the Fourier transform is an important source of information since it preserves the location of objects;then,registration techniques based on spectral phase information are a suitable solution to overcome the limitations of the general area-based or feature-based automatic registration methods.The application of the Symmetric Phase Only Matching Filtering to Fourier-Mellin Invariant（SPOMF-FMI） descriptors,one of the spectral information based registration methodologies,allows a registration of translated,rotated and scaled imagery.However,this approach has some limitations,such as imagery size restrictions and weak capability of processing non-linear geometric distortions.In this paper,an enhanced automatic registration method and its utility on the registration of spaceborne SAR imagery are investigated.The approach consists of two main steps: coarse registration using a Range-Doppler equation whose parameters come from ephemeris;and fine registration using the enhanced SPOMF-FMI algorithm.The significant advantage of the enhanced SPOMF-FMI is its capability to process non-linear geometric distortions and its relaxed restrictions on imagery size due to imagery sectioning and Kriging interpolation.As a rule,the general SPOMF-FMI algorithm is based on a rigid body transformation used as the global mapping function for the geometric transformation of the sensed imagery.A simple rigid body transformation can not achieve accurate registration of images with non-linear geometric distortions which are introduced by sensor non-linearity and other random factors.With the help of imagery sectioning and Kriging interpolation,this problem can be resolved.Imagery size restriction is another defection of the general SPOMF-FMI procedure;however,it can also be solved by imagery sectioning and Kriging interpolation.The implementations of our method for Radarsat-1 images,ENVISAT-1 ASAR images are validated by the experiments of automatic imagery registration.The results demonstrate that the new approach can achieve sub-pixel registration when dealing with the same sensor SAR images that have the same orbit number within a repeating cycle or the same orbit pass which guarantees similar imagery textures.

基金

国家自然科学基金项目（编号:40501044、40601058和40701108）

网址：附带星历参数的星载合成孔径雷达影像自动配准算法 https://mxgxt.com/news/view/1991975

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