bgp4什么报文建立邻居关系 bgp建立邻居配置

R2 router ospf 1 router-id 10.10.0.2 log-adjacency-changes redistribute connected metric 1000 metric-type 1 subnets network 10.10.0.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 10.10.1.4 0.0.0.3 area 0 default-information originate always metric 2000 metric-type 1 ! R5 router ospf 1 router-id 10.10.0.5 log-adjacency-changes passive-interface Serial0/0 network 10.10.0.5 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 10.10.1.8 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 10.20.45.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 default-information originate always metric 2000 metric-type 1 ! 注意：如果AS边界接口启动了IGP，必须配置被动接口；禁止在AS间建立IGP邻居，禁止将AS内部IGP拓扑通告给其他AS，AS间的路由传播通过BGP。 R2#sh ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 10.10.0.2, local AS number 10 BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1 Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 10.10.0.5 4 10 7 7 1 0 0 00:03:22 0 10.10.23.2 4 30 6 6 1 0 0 00:02:05 0 R2# R2#sh ip bgp neighbors BGP neighbor is 10.10.0.5, remote AS 10, internal link BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.10.0.5 BGP state = Established, up for 00:04:42 Last read 00:00:42, last write 00:00:43, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds Neighbor capabilities: Route refresh: advertised and received(old & new) Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received Message statistics: InQ depth is 0 OutQ depth is 0 Sent Rcvd Opens: 1 1 Notifications: 0 0 Updates: 0 0 Keepalives: 7 7 Route Refresh: 0 0 Total: 8 8 Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 0 seconds For address family: IPv4 Unicast BGP table version 1, neighbor version 1/0 Output queue size : 0 Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2 1 update-group member Sent Rcvd Prefix activity: ---- ---- Prefixes Current: 0 0 Prefixes Total: 0 0 Implicit Withdraw: 0 0 Explicit Withdraw: 0 0 Used as bestpath: n/a 0 Used as multipath: n/a 0 Outbound Inbound Local Policy Denied Prefixes: -------- ------- Total: 0 0 Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 0, min 0 Connections established 1; dropped 0 Last reset never Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0 Connection is ECN Disabled, Mininum incoming TTL 0, Outgoing TTL 255 Local host: 10.10.0.2, Local port: 24133 Foreign host: 10.10.0.5, Foreign port: 179 Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0 mis-ordered: 0 (0 bytes) Event Timers (current time is 0x64B654): Timer Starts Wakeups Next Retrans 7 0 0x0 TimeWait 0 0 0x0 AckHold 6 5 0x0 SendWnd 0 0 0x0 KeepAlive 0 0 0x0 GiveUp 0 0 0x0 PmtuAger 0 0 0x0 DeadWait 0 0 0x0 iss: 3435368555 snduna: 3435368734 sndnxt: 3435368734 sndwnd: 16206 irs: 2674832881 rcvnxt: 2674833060 rcvwnd: 16206 delrcvwnd: 178 SRTT: 264 ms, RTTO: 1169 ms, RTV: 905 ms, KRTT: 0 ms minRTT: 140 ms, maxRTT: 860 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms Flags: active open, nagle IP Precedence value : 6 Datagrams (max data segment is 536 bytes): Rcvd: 11 (out of order: 0), with data: 6, total data bytes: 178 Sent: 14 (retransmit: 0, fastretransmit: 0, partialack: 0, Second Congestion: 0), with data: 7, total data bytes: 178 BGP neighbor is 10.10.23.2, remote AS 30, external link BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.10.0.3 BGP state = Established, up for 00:03:33 .......... R3#sh ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 10.10.0.3, local AS number 30 BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1 Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 10.10.23.1 4 10 9 9 1 0 0 00:05:35 0 10.30.34.2 4 40 6 7 1 0 0 00:03:50 0 R4#sh ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 10.10.0.4, local AS number 40 BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1 Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 10.20.45.1 4 10 0 0 0 0 0 never Idle //TCP建立不成功 10.30.34.1 4 30 9 8 1 0 0 00:05:24 0 R4# R5#sh ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 10.10.0.5, local AS number 10 BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1 Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 10.10.0.2 4 10 12 12 1 0 0 00:08:35 0 10.20.24.2 4 40 0 0 0 0 0 never Idle//注意没有建立邻居 TCP建立不成功，这里的原因是配错IP 我们查看一下R5的BGP配置 ! router bgp 10 no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes network 10.10.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 neighbor 10.10.0.2 remote-as 10 neighbor 10.10.0.2 update-source Loopback0 错误所在 低级错误 no auto-summary ! 我们改正过来 R5(config)#router bgp 10 R5(config-router)#no neighbor 10.20.24.2 remote-as 40 R5(config-router)#nei 10.20.45.2 remote-as 40 R5#sh ip bgp sum BGP router identifier 10.10.0.5, local AS number 10 BGP table version is 13, main routing table version 12 3 network entries using 351 bytes of memory 6 path entries using 312 bytes of memory 7/3 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 868 bytes of memory 4 BGP AS-PATH entries using 96 bytes of memory 0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory 0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory BGP using 1627 total bytes of memory BGP activity 6/3 prefixes, 10/4 paths, scan interval 60 secs Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 10.10.0.2 4 10 82 81 12 0 0 01:17:12 3 10.20.45.2 4 40 7 2 0 0 0 00:00:00 2 建立成功！！ 2、BGP配置及调试（路由发布：静态注入） R2(config)#ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 null 0 //配置了一条静态路由 R2(config)#router bgp 10 R2(config-router)#net 10.10.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 //注入这条静态路由 R2(config-router)#end *Mar 1 02:16:13.491: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R2#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 4 masks S 10.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Null0 C 10.10.1.0/30 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 O 10.10.0.1/32 [110/101] via 10.10.1.6, 00:37:53, Serial0/0 C 10.10.0.2/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 O 10.10.5.0/24 [110/110] via 10.10.1.6, 00:37:53, Serial0/0 C 10.10.1.4/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 O 10.10.0.5/32 [110/101] via 10.10.1.2, 00:37:53, Ethernet1/0 O 10.10.0.6/32 [110/201] via 10.10.1.2, 00:37:53, Ethernet1/0 O 10.10.1.8/30 [110/200] via 10.10.1.2, 00:37:53, Ethernet1/0 O 10.10.1.12/30 [110/200] via 10.10.1.6, 00:37:53, Serial0/0 C 10.10.23.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1 R2#sh ip bgp BGP table version is 2, local router ID is 10.10.0.2 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete //BGP的属性：源头 Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 10.10.0.0/16 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i //这里的i表示IGP 注意：weight是cisco的私有值，不是BGP属性，不能在BGP邻居间传播，只在BGP本路由器内有效。Cisco里首选weight值最高的路由。 R5(config)# ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 null 0 R5(config)#router bgp 10 R5(config-router)#net 10.10.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 注意：R5上发布这条路由是为了备份 R3(config)#ip route 10.30.0.0 255.255.0.0 null 0 R3(config)#router bgp 30 R3(config-router)#net 10.30.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 R4(config)#ip route 10.40.0.0 255.255.0.0 null 0 R4(config)#router bgp 40 R4(config-router)#net 10.40.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 查看各设备BGP表 R2#sh ip bgp BGP table version is 13, local router ID is 10.10.0.2 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path * i10.10.0.0/16 10.10.0.5从IBGP邻居学到的？ *> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i 静态注入的IGP *> 10.30.0.0/16 10.10.23.2 0 0 30 i *>i10.40.0.0/16 10.20.45.2 0 100 0 40 i //不会改变下一跳？ * 10.10.23.2 0 30 40 i 问题：什么叫IGP？从IBGP邻居学到的为什么也是i? （这里的i是指path那里的标记） 解答：i是表示该路由在来源路由器那里是IGP。（来源路由器指最先发起该条路由的路由器） * i10.10.0.0/16 最前面的i是指该路由是内部路由，即从IBGP学来的BGP路由。 R5#sh ip bgp BGP table version is 13, local router ID is 10.10.0.5 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path * i10.10.0.0/16 10.10.0.2 0 100 0 i // *> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i * 10.30.0.0/16 10.20.45.2 0 40 30 i *>i 10.10.23.2 0 100 0 30 i *> 10.40.0.0/16 10.20.45.2 0 0 40 i //cisco首选weight值最高的路由；其他厂家，选择本地始发的路由 0.0.0.0，向BGP邻居通告时，将下一跳改为自己。 //选择AS-PATH最短的路由 BGP只把最优的路由通告给它的邻居，以及基于邻居的水平分割。 上面R2将10.30.0.0传给IBGP邻居R5时不改变下一跳。 R3#sh ip bgp BGP table version is 12, local router ID is 10.10.0.3 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path * 10.10.0.0/16 10.30.34.2 0 40 10 i *> 10.10.23.1 0 0 10 i *> 10.30.0.0/16 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i //本地始发路由 * 10.40.0.0/16 10.10.23.1 0 10 40 i *> 10.30.34.2 0 0 40 i R4#sh ip bgp BGP table version is 21, local router ID is 10.10.0.4 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 10.10.0.0/16 10.20.45.1 0 0 10 i * 10.30.34.1 0 30 10 i * 10.30.0.0/16 10.20.45.1 0 10 30 i//下一跳改为自己 *> 10.30.34.1 0 0 30 i *> 10.40.0.0/16 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i 上面R3与R4：R3的本地始发路由下一跳为0.0.0.0 ，向BGP邻居R4通告时，将下一跳改为自己. 查看个设备的全局路由表 R3>en R3#sh ip route 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 4 masks B 10.10.0.0/16 [20/0] via 10.10.23.1, 01:20:27 C 10.10.0.3/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 S 10.30.0.0/16 is directly connected, Null0 C 10.30.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1 C 10.10.23.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 B 10.40.0.0/16 [20/0] via 10.30.34.2, 00:00:03 C 10.30.34.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1 R4 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 4 masks B 10.10.0.0/16 [20/0] via 10.20.45.1, 00:17:49 //邻居的静态注入 C 10.10.0.4/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 B 10.30.0.0/16 [20/0] via 10.20.45.1, 00:01:00 //邻居的静态注入 S 10.40.0.0/16 is directly connected, Null0 自己的静态路由管理距离是0 C 10.40.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1 C 10.20.45.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1 C 10.30.34.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 注意：不同类型的路由协议优选原则按照管理距离 BGP自己的路由优选原则是根据那几个属性，不要混淆了。。 R2 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 3 masks S 10.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Null0 //优选管理距离小的静态路由 C 10.10.1.0/30 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 C 10.10.0.2/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 O 10.10.0.5/32 [110/101] via 10.10.1.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet1/0 //IGP O 10.10.0.6/32 [110/201] via 10.10.1.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet1/0 O 10.10.1.8/30 [110/200] via 10.10.1.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet1/0 O 10.10.1.12/30 [110/210] via 10.10.1.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet1/0 B 10.30.0.0/16 [20/0] via 10.10.23.2, 01:22:20 C 10.10.23.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1 B 10.40.0.0/16 [200/0] via 10.20.45.2, 00:16:09 O 10.20.45.0/30 [110/164] via 10.10.1.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet1/0 //递归查找 R5 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 3 masks S 10.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Null0 C 10.10.1.0/30 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 O 10.10.0.2/32 [110/101] via 10.10.1.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet1/0 C 10.10.0.5/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 O 10.10.0.6/32 [110/101] via 10.10.1.10, 00:00:02, Serial0/1 C 10.10.1.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1 O 10.10.1.12/30 [110/110] via 10.10.1.10, 00:00:02, Serial0/1 B 10.30.0.0/16 [200/0] via 10.10.23.2, 01:32:36 O E1 10.10.23.0/30 [110/1100] via 10.10.1.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet1/0//从R2学来的通过重发布进来OSPF进程的直连路由 B 10.40.0.0/16 [20/0] via 10.20.45.2, 00:17:57 C 10.20.45.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 R1 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 3 masks O 10.10.1.0/30 [110/200] via 10.10.1.5, 00:00:31, Serial0/1 C 10.10.0.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 O 10.10.0.2/32 [110/101] via 10.10.1.5, 00:00:31, Serial0/1 C 10.10.5.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1 C 10.10.1.4/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1 O 10.10.0.5/32 [110/201] via 10.10.1.5, 00:00:31, Serial0/1 O 10.10.0.6/32 [110/301] via 10.10.1.5, 00:00:31, Serial0/1 O 10.10.1.8/30 [110/300] via 10.10.1.5, 00:00:31, Serial0/1 C 10.10.1.12/30 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 O E1 10.10.23.0/30 [110/1100] via 10.10.1.5, 00:00:31, Serial0/1 O 10.20.45.0/30 [110/264] via 10.10.1.5, 00:00:31, Serial0/1 O*E1 0.0.0.0/0 [110/2100] via 10.10.1.5, 00:00:31, Serial0/1//从R5学到的重发布缺省 1）R2与R1之间的链路为什么在数据链路层上是一下子up一下子down呢？以致导致学到的这条路由是从R5来的？ 2）注意：R1没有收到BGP路由是因为，运行BGP的路由器只会把自己的BGP路由表发给自己的BGP邻居。 R6 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 12 subnets, 3 masks O 10.10.1.0/30 [110/200] via 10.10.1.9, 00:00:23, Serial0/0 O 10.10.0.1/32 [110/301] via 10.10.1.9, 00:00:23, Serial0/0 O 10.10.0.2/32 [110/201] via 10.10.1.9, 00:00:23, Serial0/0 O 10.10.5.0/24 [110/310] via 10.10.1.9, 00:00:23, Serial0/0 O 10.10.1.4/30 [110/300] via 10.10.1.9, 00:00:23, Serial0/0 O 10.10.0.5/32 [110/101] via 10.10.1.9, 00:00:23, Serial0/0 C 10.10.6.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1 C 10.10.0.6/32 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 10.10.1.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 10.10.1.12/30 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0 O E1 10.10.23.0/30 [110/1200] via 10.10.1.9, 00:00:23, Serial0/0 O 10.20.45.0/30 [110/164] via 10.10.1.9, 00:00:23, Serial0/0 O*E1 0.0.0.0/0 [110/2100] via 10.10.1.9, 00:00:24, Serial0/0 3、 BGP配置及调测（数据转发及路由分析） 1）测试全网的连通性 R1#ping 10.30.3.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.30.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds: ...!. Success rate is 20 percent (1/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 980/980/980 ms R1#ping 10.30.3.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.30.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds: .!.!! Success rate is 60 percent (3/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 556/1201/1728 ms R1#ping 10.30.3.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.30.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!. Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1032/1440/1872 ms R1#ping 10.40.4.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.40.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds: ..!.. Success rate is 20 percent (1/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 400/400/400 ms R1#ping 10.40.4.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.40.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds: .!.!. Success rate is 40 percent (2/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1580/1610/1640 ms R1#ping 10.40.4.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.40.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !..!. Success rate is 40 percent (2/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1472/1578/1684 ms R1# *Mar 1 00:27:43.607: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.10.0.6 on Ethernet1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R1#ping 10.40.4.1 疑问：丢包率很高时咋回事呢？ 恐怕跟之前端口一直up down有关系的。。。究竟是为什么呢？ 问题1： *Mar 1 00:56:57.311: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down *Mar 1 00:57:17.275: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:57:57.315: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down *Mar 1 00:58:07.275: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:58:37.3 注：R4s0/0，R1的S0/1，R2的S0/1，R3的S0/0出现了这种情况。 问题2： *Mar 1 00:29:58.635: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 10.30.34.2 Up *Mar 1 00:30:05.827: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 10.10.23.1 Up *Mar 1 00:33:06.575: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 10.10.23.1 Down Peer closed the session *Mar 1 00:33:36.447: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 10.10.23.1 Up 问题3： bytes *Mar 1 01:16:17.931: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.10.0.2 on Ethernet1/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired *Mar 1 01:16:37.583: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.10.0.2 on Ethernet1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.85.86.87.88.89.90.91.92.93.94.95.96.97.98.99.100.101.102.103.104.105.106.107.108.109.110.111.112.113.114.115.116.117.118.119.120.121.122.123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131.132.133.134.135.136.137.138.139.140.141.142.143.144.145.146.147.148.149.150.151.152.153.154.155.156.157.158.159.160.161.162.163.164.165.166.167.168.169.170.171.172.173.174.175.176.177.178.179.180.181.182.183.184.185.186.187.188.189.190.191.192.193.194.195.196.197.198.199.200.201.202.203.204.205.206.207.208.209.210.211.212.213.214.215.216.217.218.219.220.221.222.223.224.225.226.227.228.229.230.231.232.233.234.235.236.237.238.239.240.241.242.243.244.245.246.247.248.249.250.251.252.253.254.255.256.257.258.259.260.261.262.263.264.265.266.267.268.269.270.271.272.273.274.275.276.277.278.279.280.281.282.283.284.285.286.287.288.289.290.291.292.293.294.295.296.297.298.299.300.301.302.303.304.305.306.307.308.309.310.311.312.313.314.315.316.317.318.319.320.321.322.323.324.325.326.327.328.329.330.331.332.333.334.335.336.337.338.339.340.341.342.343.344.345.346.347.348.349.350.351.352.353.354.355.356.357.358.359.360.361.362.363.364.365.366.367.368.369.370.371.372.373.374.375.376.377.378.379.380.381.382.383.384.385.386.387.388.389.390.391.392.393.394.395.396.397.398.399.400.401.402.403.404.405.406.407.408.409.410.411.412.413.414.415.416.417.

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