What is ABI(Application Binary Interface)?

You're correct about the definition of an ABI, up to a point. The classic example is the syscall interface in Linux (and other UNIXes).

They are a standard way for code to request the operating system to carry out certain duties.

As such, they're decided by the people that wrote the OS or, in the case where the syscalls have been added later, by whoever added them (in cases where the OS allows this). For example, the Linux syscall interface on x86 states that you load the syscall number into eax, with other parameters placed in ebx, ecx and so on, depending on the syscall you're making (eax).

Typically, it's not the compiler or linker which do the work of interfacing, rather it's the libraries provided for the language you're using.

Returning to Linux, the GNU C libraries contain code for fopen (for example) which eventually call the relevant syscall to perform the lower level tasks (syscall number 5, open). A list of the syscalls can be found in this PDF file.

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